There wereclear reasons why Muslim governments would not want to encourage conversion to Islam. Among this group, 55% no longer identify with any religion, according to the 2017 survey. According to other scholars, many converted for a whole host of reasons, the main statement of which was evangelization by Muslims, though there were several instances where some were pressured to convert owing to internal violence and friction between the Christian and Muslim communities, according to historian Philip Jenkins. [397] The diaspora countries, by contrast, have low Jewish birth rates, an increasingly elderly age composition, and a negative balance of people leaving Judaism versus those joining. [38], According to Mark Jrgensmeyer of the University of California, popular Protestantism is one of the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world. [237] While on the other hand, in 2017, scholars Landon Schnabel and Sean Bock at Harvard University and Indiana University argued that while "Mainline Protestant" churches has declined in the United States since the late 1980s, but many of them do not leave Christianity, but rather convert to another Christian denomination, in particularly to evangelicalism. [409][410] In 2013, two scholars of demography wrote that, "The Baha'i Faith is the only religion to have grown faster in every United Nations region over the past 100 years than the general population; Bahai (sic) was thus the fastest-growing religion between 1910 and 2010, growing at least twice as fast as the population of almost every UN region. [90] Some reports also show that the number of the Chinese Indonesians Christians have increased,[91][92] according to scholar Gavin W. Jones of Australian National University, "there has been a rapid growth in the number of Chinese Christians" in Indonesia, and "conversion of Chinese to Christianity accelerated in the 1960s, especially in East Java, and for Indonesia as a whole the proportion of Chinese who were Catholics rose from 2 percent in 1957 to 6 percent in 1969". [39] Comparing this with other surveys, evidence suggests that nowadays three-fifths to four-fifths of the Chinese believe in folk religion. [331] Europe's Muslim population also has higher fertility (2.1) than other religious groups in the region, well above the regional average (1.6). [26] Religious switching is a sensitive topic in India,[523][19] and carries social and legal repercussions including the death penalty for apostasy in Muslim-majority countries. [39] Further in detail, 12million people have passed some formal initiation into Taoism, or adhere to the official Chinese Taoist Association. [88] According to scholar Michael Nai-Chiu Poon of University of Toronto conversion to Christianity is increasing among Chinese Singaporeans. by Warren Clark and Grant Schellenberg", "Mxico sigue siendo catlico pero crece el nmero de ateos", "Mexico still Catholic, but number of atheists on the rise", "International Religious Freedom Report 2012 New Zealand", "Sikhism | History, Doctrines, Practice, & Literature", "Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts", "The Daily The Canadian census: A rich portrait of the country's religious and ethnocultural diversity", "B16001LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER", "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population", "Table QS210EW 2011 Census: Religion (Detailed), local authorities in England and Wales", "2011 Australian Census - Fastest Growing Religions", "2071.0 - Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016", "We need to worry about the decline in Sikh numbers", "Proportion and growth rate of population by religious communities, India, 19612001", "1. [47] From 2015 to 2016, Africa saw an increase of more than 6,265,000 Catholics. [122] Many people who convert to Christianity face persecution. Professor Eric Kaufmann, whose academic specialization is how demography affects irreligion/religion/politics, wrote in 2012: In my book, Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth? The report also shows that the fall in the birth rate of Muslims slowed down the growth rate from 1990 to 2010. Wealthy Neighborhoods Saw the Most People Leave Every borough experienced a spike in people moving out last year, but Manhattan saw the . [362][368][369][370] According to some scholars, the Jizya (poll tax) was the most important factor in the mass conversion to Islam, the tax paid by all non-Muslims (Dhimmis which translated means "protected persons") in Islamic empires[371][372][373][374] While other scholars oppose this belief, because the jizya was not of great value, and those who could not pay it were exempt from it. only for their zeal to wane (note the flagging case of Zoroastrianism). Democratic Republic of Congo: Muslim fighters from the Allied Democratic Forces, which earlier pledged allegiance to the Islamic State (ISIS), murdered at least 17 people, possibly many more, in the Christian-majority (95%) African nation. [351] Eric Kaufman also argue that the main reason why Islam is expanding along with other religions, is not because of conversion to Islam, but primarily to the nature of the religion, as he calls it "pro-natal", where Muslims tend to have more children. By actually counting the number of people who showed up at representative sample of churches, two researchers, Kirk Hadaway and Penny Marler found that only 20.4 percent of the population, or half the Gallup figure, attended church each weekend. It is published by Brill and is the most comprehensive database of religious demographics available to scholars, providing data for all of the world's countries. And roughly one-in-five cited a reason specific to their experience with Islam, such as being raised Muslim but never connecting with the faith (9%) or disagreeing with the teachings (7%) of Islam. Reaching Iranians online Iran's census claims that 99.5% of the population are Muslim, a figure that hides the state's active hostility toward irreligiosity, conversion and unrecognised religious. [425] Yet, rather than being a cultural spread from either Iran or North America, in 2001, sociologist David Barrett wrote that the Bah Faith is, "A world religion with no racial or national focus". Among those who have converted to Islam, a majority come from a Christian background. The Druzites reside primarily in Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Jordan. [50] According to the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Christianity (1.38%) is one of the six fastest-growing religions in the world, with high birth rates and conversions in the global South were being cited as the major reasons of the Christian population growth. [361], In 2010 Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nigeria was home for (47.8%) of the world's Muslims. [1] The Australian Bureau of Statistics, through statistical analysis, held Buddhism to be the fastest-growing spiritual tradition in Australia in terms of percentage gain, with a growth of 79.1% for the period 1996 to 2001 (200,000358,000). . [75] Protestantism is growing primarily as a result of historic missionary activity and the recently high fertility rate in Africa,[76][77][38] and due primarily to conversion in China. 55% of the Muslims who quit Islam prefer to follow no religion while 22% specifically adopt to become Christians. [358], There exist different views among scholars about the spread of Islam. Conference on Religion and Violence. [320] Globally, Muslims were younger (median age of 23) than the overall population (median age of 28) as of 2010. [283] Approximately 94% of the world's Hindus live in India. [38] According to the same study Buddhists "are projected to decline in absolute number, dropping 7% from nearly 500 million in 2015 to 462 million in 2060. [333] On the other hand, the increasingly large ex-Muslim communities in the Western world that adhere to no religion have been well documented. HarperCollins, 2009, p.15,93. [318] With 3.1 children per woman, Muslims have higher fertility levels than the world's overall population between 2010 and 2015. [65] In 2000, percentage of Protestants on mentioned continents was 17%, more than 27% and 5.5%, respectively. According to Johnson and Grim, Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137million were in Asia, to 495million in 2010, of which 487million are in Asia. [336][337][b] A survey conducted by Pew Research Center in 2017 found that conversion has a negative impact on the growth of the Muslim population in Europe, with roughly 160,000 more people leaving Islam than converting into Islam between 2010 and 2016. [393] Additionally, while in principle Reform Judaism favors seeking new members for the faith, this position has not translated into active proselytism, instead of taking the form of an effort to reach out to non-Jewish spouses of intermarried couples. Druzites or Al-Muwaidn are an Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group; the number of Druzites worldwide is between 800,000 and one million, with the vast majority residing in the Levant. The Muslim population in the Asia-Pacific region is expected to reach nearly 1.5billion by 2050, up from roughly 1billion in 2010. [68] The study also suggested that by 2050, the global Christian population will change considerably. [327] While both religions will grow but Muslim population will exceed the Christian population and by 2100, Muslim population (35%) will be 1% more than the Christian population (34%). [433][434][435][436] Meanwhile in other times or places the religion has experienced surges in growth. Asia has the second largest Pentecostal-charismatic Christians of any continent, with the number growing from 10 million to 135 million between 1970 and 2000". More recently (20002010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and some African countries. Fewer identify as Christian (22%), and an additional one-in-five (21%) identify with a wide variety of smaller groups, including faiths such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism, or as generally spiritual.. [400], Rates of interreligious marriage vary widely: In the United States, it is just under 50percent,[401] in the United Kingdom, around 53percent; in France; around 30percent,[402] and in Australia and Mexico, as low as 10percent. Likewise, certain states, such asNew Jersey, are home to two or three times as many Muslim adults per capita as the national average. [230][231][232][233][234][235][236] The 2014 Religious Landscape Study finds a large majority (87.6%) of those who were raised as Christians in the United States still identify as such, while the rest who no longer identify as Christians mostly identify as religiously unaffiliated, and the number of those leaving Christianity in the United States is greater than the number of converts; however, the number of those convert to evangelical Christianity in the United States is greater than the number of those leaving that faith. [460], According to Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, by 2050 unaffiliated or nonreligious are expected to account for 27% of North America total population (up from 17.1% as in 2010), and 23% of Europe total population (up from 18% as in 2010). "[294], Islam is the fastest-growing religion in the world. [52], Europe was the home for the world's largest Christian population for the past 1,000 years, since 2015 Christians in Africa and Latin America respectively surpass Europe Christian population because of the high fertility rate there. 14/Mar/2021. [24][25][26], Some religions proselytise vigorously (Christianity and Islam, for example), while others (such as Judaism and Sikhism) do not generally encourage conversions into their ranks. Although such attitudes have a long history in Europe, the idea that Muslims are 'the enemy' has become more widespread over the last 30 years. [38] in 2018 a new data from the Gordon Theological Seminary shows that, for the first time ever, more number of Christians live in Africa than on any other single continent:[58] "The results show Africa on top with 631 million Christian residents, Latin America in 2nd place with 601 million Christians, and Europe in 3rd place with 571 million Christians". In addition, those with religious beliefs tend to have higher birth rates than the secular population, with fundamentalists having far larger families. Still, based on our own survey and demographic research, as well as outside sources, Pew Research Center estimates that there wereabout 3.45 million Muslims of all ages living in the U.S. in 2017, and that Muslims madeup about 1.1% of the total U.S. population. [344], The Pew Research Center notes that "the data that we have isn't pointing in the direction of 'Eurabia' at all",[345] and predicts that the percentage of Muslims is estimated to rise to 8% in 2030, due to immigration and above-average birth rates. "A missiological postscript", in McLeod and Ustorf (eds). After the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, the young Muslim federation came under strain. [199] Also according to the historian Daniel Pipes of Harvard University and University of Chicago,[200] and a researcher specializing in criticism of Islam, "reports of widespread conversions of Muslims to Christianity come from regions as disparate as Algeria, Albania, Syria, and Kurdistan",[133] in northern Iraq and Algeria, the conversions of Kurds and Berbers to Christianity are unusually high. [491], Zoroastrianism was founded during the early Persian Empire in the 6th century BCE by Zarathustra. [19][20][21][22][23], Statistical data on conversion to and from Islam are scarce. (Page 5), "Haredi Orthodox account for bulk of Jewish population growth in New York City Nation", "Israel and the U.S. are Home to More Than Four-Fifths of the World's Jews", "Britain Sees Spike in Ultra-Orthodox Population ", LongRange Population Projections for Israel: 20092059, "Data: Arab Growth Slows, Still Higher than Jewish Rate", "NJPS: Defining and Calculating Intermarriage", "Les juifs de France: La lente progression des mariages mixtes", "The Virtual Jewish History Tour Mexico", "World Jewish Population Latest Statistics", "The continuing decline of Europe's Jewish population", "Notes on the Bb and Bah Religions in Russia and its Territories", "Religious Persecution & Oppression: A Study of Iranian Baha's' Strategies of Survival", "Progress report from Mercyhurst: Assessing the risk of genocide in Iran", Rivn 1989 letter from the Universal House of Justice to the Bah's of the World, Association of Religion Data Archives 2010, "The Baha'i Faith Compared to Race in American Counties", "American Nones: The Profile of the No Religion Population", "Religious Composition by Country, 2010-2050", "American Religious Identification Survey, Key Findings", American Religious Identification Survey, Full PDF Document, "Who's religious? Kimberly Winston. [329] According to the same study, Muslims population growth is twice of world's overall population growth due to young age and relatively high fertility rate and as a result Muslims are projected to rise to 30% (2050) of the world's population from 23% (2010). Muslims who leave the faith often face abuse and violence - but a grassroots group that's touring American colleges is trying to help. [26], The American Religious Identification Survey gave nonreligious groups the largest gain in terms of absolute numbers: 14.3 million (8.4% of the population) to 29.4 million (14.1% of the population) for the period 19902001 in the U.S.[451][452] A 2012 study by the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life reports, "The number of Americans who do not identify with any religion continues to grow at a rapid pace. Look at who is 'going forth and multiplying', "1 Million Evangelical Christians March for Jesus in Brazil", "French Evangelicals through an American lens", "Nmero de brasileiros catlicos cai abaixo dos 70% pela 1 vez (Percent of Brazilian Catholics is below 70% for the first time)", "Growth stalls, falls for largest U.S. churches", "How many Jews are there in the United States? [89], In recent years, the number of Chinese Christians has increased significantly; Christians were 4 million before 1949 (3million Catholics and 1million Protestants), and are reaching 67million today. [421] From having roughly 200,000 Bahs in 1950,[422] the religion grew to having over 4 million by the late 1980s, with a widespread international distribution. According to Pew Forum, Hindus are anticipated to continue to be concentrated primarily in the Indo-Pacific region in 2050. Christianity is expected to lose a net of 66 million adherents mostly to religiously unaffiliated, while religiously unaffiliated are expected to gain 61 million adherents. Arabs did not sack the city, and the Arab soldiers were apparently kept in tight control by their leaders. [476], Primarily for socio-economic reasons (Sikhs being the wealthiest and most educated of India's four major religious groups),[477] Indian Sikhs have the lowest adjusted growth rate of any major religious group in India, at 8.4% per decade (from 2001 to 2011), compared to the national rate of 17.7% per decade. [235] A June 2020 online survey found a much smaller percentage of Iranians stating they believe in Islam, with half of those surveyed indicating they had lost their religious faith. For the period 2000-2013, the figures in point 1. above equate to an average annual growth rate of 1.18% v 1.32%. [290][291] According to 2011 census, Hinduism has become the fastest-growing religion in Australia since 2006[292] due to migration from India and Fiji. [439] However, since around 2001 the Universal House of Justice has prioritized statistics of the community by their levels of activity rather than simply their population of avowed adherents or numbers of local assemblies. by Daniel. Protestantism is one of the most dynamic religious movements in the contemporary world. ", "Sikhs fastest-growing minority in NZ: Census", "There could be more Sikhs in the future maybe", "Our year-long exploration of religions ends with Unitarianian Universalism and paganism", "PRLog (Press Release) "Wicca"- The Fastest Growing Belief System in the World Today! [270] The fertility rate for Israeli Druze in 2017 is 2.1 children per woman, while the fertility rate among Jewish women (3.2) and Muslim women (3.4) and the fertility rate among Israeli Christian women (1.9). [483][466][484][485], Johnson and Barrett (2004) estimate that the global Sikh population increases annually by 392,633 (1.7% per year, based on 2004 figures); this percentage includes births, deaths, and conversions. [52] In 1900, Europe and the Americas were home to the vast majority of the world's Christians (93%). [464] Within India, a majority of Sikhs live in the state of Punjab. The Sensitive Stuff [124][a] Countries with the largest numbers of Muslims converted to Christianity according to this study include Indonesia (6,500,000),[125] Nigeria (600,000),[125] Iran (500,000 versus only 500 in 1979),[125] the United States (450,000),[126] Ethiopia (400,000) and Algeria (380,000). [69], In mid-2005 Christianity adds about 65.1 million people annually due to factors such as birth rate and religious conversion, while losing 27.4 million people annually due to factors such as death rate and religious apostasy. [43] Moreover, Chinese religion has also spread throughout the world following the emigration of Chinese populations, with 672,000 adherents in Canada as of 2010. (1927-2011) | History of Missiology", "Dr. Todd M. Johnson | Institute on Culture, Religion & World Affairs: CURA", "Estimating the Religious Composition of All Nations: An Empirical Assessment of the World Christian Database", Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, "Chinese Conversion to Evangelical Christianity: The Importance of Social and Cultural Contexts", "Understanding the rapid rise of Charismatic Christianity in Southeast Asia", "China plans establishment of Christian theology - China - Chinadaily.com.cn", "Indians say it is important to respect all religions, but major religious groups see little in common and want to live separately", "Why the Chinese government is targeting young Christians in its latest crackdown", "Conversions to Christianity Among Highly Educated Chinese", "Religious Revival Among Chinese in Singapore", "State and Social Christianity in Post-colonial Singapore", "Leave China, Study in America, Find Jesus", "Japanese Americans Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life", "Dying for Christianity: millions at risk amid rise in persecution across the globe", https://commons.trincoll.edu/aris/files/2013/11/ARIS-2001-report-complete.pdf, Christian - Muslim Fertility Differences in Poor Settings in Greater Beirut, Lebanon, "Syria Religious Composition 2018". However, this does not gives us a direct comparison of suicide between countries - this share will also be influenced by the magnitude of other causes of death. [398], There is also a trend of Orthodox movements reaching out to secular Jews in order to give them a stronger Jewish identity so there is less chance of intermarriage. The epicentre of these trends will be in immigration gateway cities like New York (a third white), Amsterdam (half Dutch), Los Angeles (28% white), and London, 45% white British. January 26, 2018 The share of Americans who leave Islam is offset by those who become Muslim By Besheer Mohamed and Elizabeth Podrebarac Sciupac Like Americans in many other religious groups, a substantial share of adults who were raised Muslim no longer identify as members of the faith. Sept. 11, 2001, marked the start of a new era for Muslims in the United States.. [307] According to an earlier 2001 census, surveys found that there was an increase of 60,000 conversions to Islam in the United Kingdom. Learn about Muslims and Islam through four short lessons delivered to your inbox every other day. More than 100 people gathered Thursday at a vigil in Arlington to honor the bald eagle, named MK, who was found struggling in a town cemetery on . According to the Pew Research Center, the Muslim population in Europe (excluding Turkey) was about 30 million in 1990, and 44 million in 2010; the Muslim share of the population increased from 4.1% in 1990 to 6% in 2010. [118] Many Muslims who convert to Christianity face social and governmental persecution. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. One striking difference between former Muslims and those who have always been Muslim is in the share who hail from Iran. According to Pew Research Center, in the United States, the percentage of people converting to Islam is almost the same as the people leaving Islam ( about 23%). At the end of 2017, the average age of the Israeli Druze was 27.9. For example, it became gradually . [270] About 26.3% of the Israeli Druze population are under 14 years old and about 6.1% of the Israeli Druze are 65 years and over. "They were reporting on the mass conversions of Muslimsas many as 6-8 millionin sub-Saharan, Africa, and they have repeated the warning every year," he said. How many Muslims leave Islam in India? [59] According to a 2017 Pew Research Center survey, between 2010 and 2015 "an estimated 223 million babies were born to Christian mothers and roughly 107 million Christians died, meaning that the natural increase in the Christian population i.e., the number of births minus the number of deaths was 116 million over this period". Growth of religion involves the spread of individual religions and the increase in the numbers of religious adherents around the world. In other words, Christianity as a whole loses more people than it gains from religious switching (conversions in both directions) in the U.S., while the net effect on Islam in America is a wash. A 2017 Pew Research Center survey of U.S. Muslims, using slightly different questions than the 2014 survey, found a similar estimate (24%) of the share of those who were raised Muslim but have left Islam. Thus, this report excludes religious conversion as a direct factor from the projection of Muslim population growth. [332], Generally, there are few reports about how many people leave Islam in Muslim majority countries. If you believe in the evil eye, you may want to take some steps to protect yourself from this curse. According to Justin Vasse the fertility rate of Muslim immigrants declines with integration. At . [335] Many Muslims who leave Islam face social rejection or imprisonment and sometimes murder or other penalties. A study by Pew Research found that the number of Americans who identified as Christian was 64% in 2020, with 30% of the US population being classed as "religiously unaffiliated". [396], The overall growth rate of Jews in Israel is 1.7% annually. [103] Doug Saunders states that by 2030 Muslims and Non-Muslims birth rates will be equal in Germany, Greece, Spain and Denmark without taking account of the Muslims immigration to these countries. Oxford University Press, 2007, pp. This scenario (Chinese scenario) is based primarily on sensitivity tests.[26]. [336] The poll, conducted by the Netherlands-based GAMAAN (Group for Analyzing and Measuring Attitudes in Iran), using online polling to provide greater anonymity for respondents, surveyed 50,000 Iranians and found 32% identified as Shia, 5% as Sunni and 3% as Sufi Muslim. [465] Outside of India, the largest Sikh communities are in the core Anglosphere, with 771,790 in Canada (2.1% Sikh),[466][467] 472,498 in the United States (0.1% Sikh),[470] 432,429 in the United Kingdom (0.7% Sikh),[471][472][473] 210,397 in Australia (0.8% Sikh),[474][475] and 40,908 in New Zealand (0.9% Sikh). [321] While decline of Muslim birth rates in coming years have also been well documented. [251] While the exact number of Dalit converts to Christianity in India is not available, scholar William R. Burrow of Colorado State University estimated that about 8% of Dalit have converted to Christianity. [394] Studies have shown that Haredi Jews population is rising rapidly due to the young age and very high fertility-rate,[395] especially in Israel. Grim, International religious demographic statistics and sources, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 00:39, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Christianity has grown rapidly in South Korea, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans, List of countries by Zoroastrian population, Religious Projections for the Next 200 Years, "The Future of Global Muslim Population: Projections from 2010 to 2013", "A Religious Forecast For 2050: Atheism Is Down, Islam Is Rising", "Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group", The Future of the Global Muslim Population, 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199920570.001.0001, 10.1525/california/9780520266612.001.0001, "Pentecostalismthe fastest growing religion on earth", "Pentecostalism: Massive Global Growth Under the Radar", "More Religion, but Not the Old-Time Kind", "Witnessing The New Reach Of Pentecostalism", "Max Weber and Pentecostals in Latin America: The Protestant Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital Ethic, Social Capital and Spiritual Capital", "Protestantism: The fastest growing religion in the developing world", "The Future of the Global Muslim Population", "The countries where apostasy is punishable by death", "The Changing Global Religious Landscape", "Cumulative Change Due to Religious Switching, 20102050, p.43", "The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010", "The Global Religious Landscape: Buddhists", People's Republic of China: Religions and Churches Statistical Overview 2011, "Global Christianity: Regional Distribution of Christians", The Future of World Religions p.8 Table: Size and Projected Growth of Major Religious Groups, "The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions", "Christianity 2018: More African Christians and Counting Martyrs", "Africa overtakes Latin America for the highest Christian population", "Encyclopedia of Protestantism: 4-volume Set", The Global Religious Landscape: Christians, "The Future of World Religions; Regional Change p.60", "Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues", "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe", "Turning point in Christianity: Eastern Europe in the late 20th Century", "Engendering Charismatic Economies: Pentecostalism, Global Political Economy, and the Crisis of Social Reproduction", "Study: Christianity growth soars in Africa", "China on course to become 'world's most Christian nation' within 15 years", "The State Of Pentecostalism In Southeast Asia: Ethnicity, Class And Leadership Analysis", "Religion in Latin America, Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region", "6 facts about South Korea's growing Christian population", "Annual Report on International Religious Freedom for 2005 Vietnam", "Better-educated S'pore residents look to religion", China accused of trying to 'co-opt and emasculate' Christianity, "AFP: In Indonesia, Lunar New Year an old practice for young Christians", "In Indonesia, Lunar New Year an old practice for young Christians", "Religious Demographic Profiles Pew Forum", "VATICAN - CATHOLIC CHURCH STATISTICS 2018 - Agenzia Fides", "Think religion is in decline?