Mongols Motorcycle Club, Sailpoint Identitynow Documentation, Hunterdon Central Baseball Roster, Zyxel C3000z Default Password, Modern French Country Paint Colors, Articles R

Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. I love this article,very educating and interesting ! Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. 3. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. Excellent, thanks a lot f This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz We appreciate you. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. (eds. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. 3. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). All rights reserved. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. The states were later increased to 30 states. It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. Pls visit us again dear reader. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. welcome, and thanks for reading us. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. /F6 21 0 R 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. Ethnic, Religious and Geographical Factor 3.5 5. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. June 1,2022 The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). ff>qsfN? Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. >> examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. 6 0 obj Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. /Filter /FlateDecode Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. s" Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. |4-Iv The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. . The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. /F7 24 0 R ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. /Height 235 Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. Payment Details. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. Defence, Security, Economy and Development, Chigozirim Odinkalu, Ebenebe Ernest Onyeka, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (eJECS), International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS), Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. 2. The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. Asst. Your email address will not be published. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . 2023, Bscholarly LLC. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. /BitsPerComponent 8 Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. stream So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. Federalism in India. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. >> One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. /F4 15 0 R Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. This marginalization is evinced by untold hardships such as poverty, lack of infrastructure for health care and education, and generally impaired wellbeing.